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Parameters for substances

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    Safety-critical parameters for substances

    Working with recognised methods and technologies, we use our own test laboratory to establish the safety-critical parameters that subsequently form the basis of our safety concepts:

    • Thermal stability of substances and/or substance and reaction mixtures
    • Combustion and explosion behaviour of gases, vapours and dusts
    • Characteristics of dust clouds
    • Characteristics of dust deposits
    • Electrostatics
    • Safety of chemical reactions
    • Runaway reactions

    For more information please click on   on the right

    1. Thermal stability of substances and/or substance and reaction mixtures
      • Thermal decomposition via:
        > differential thermal analysis (-80 to +500° C), → more
        > adiabatic heat exchange (ambient temperature – 300° C; up to 500 bar) → more
        > and TAM IV microcalorimeter (4 bis 150 °C) → more
      • Deflagration ability in both open or closed systems (at temperatures up to 250° C, pressures up to 50 bar, inertisation)
      • Explosion ability and explosion hazards via the Koenen Test (thermal), Fallhammer Test and friction apparatus (mechanical)
    2. Combustion and explosion behaviour of gases, vapours and dusts
      • Flashpoint (-30 to +300 °C) → more
      • Determination of the lower explosion point (LEP) → more
      • Ignition temperature (ambient temperature – 650 °C) → more
      • Combustion behaviour / Sustained combustibility → more
      • Lower and upper explosion limits → more
      • Limiting oxygen concentration → more
      • Thermal decomposition
    3. Characteristics of dust clouds

      • Dust explosion potential  → more (video)
      • Minimum ignition energy (MIKE 3 apparatus)
      • Lower and upper explosion limit in a 20-litre sphere
      • Limiting oxygen concentration in a 20-litre sphere
      • Dust explosion parameters Kst and Pmax values, dust explosion class
      • Particle size distribution
      • Minimum ignition temperature
    4. Characteristics of dust deposits
      • Combustion behaviour, burning velocity → more
      • Self-ignition behaviour
        > Differential thermal analysis under 20 bar air (up to +400 °C)
        > Grewer oven
        > Adiabatic and isothermal heat storage test in a 400-ml or one-litre wire basket
      • Smouldering temperature
    5. Elektrostatics
      • Powder resistivity → more
      • Conductivity of liquids and suspensions → more
      • Surface resistance of films
      • Specific resistivity and surface resistance of textiles
      • Specific resistivity
      • Charge transfer measurement → more
      • Floor conductivity → more
      • Breakdown voltage
    6. Safety of chemical reactions
      • Thermal decomposition via differential thermal analysis (-80 to +700 °C)
      • Ascertaining reaction enthalpy / adiabatic temperature increase, reactant accumulation, heat production rates, heat capacities and gas development via a reaction calorimeter RC1 (at pressures from 0 to 350 bar, temperatures from -50 to +250° C)
    7. Runaway reactions
      • ARSST (Advanced Reactive System Screening Tool)
      • Direct simulation of a malfunction using VSP2 (Vent Sizing Package 2) at pressures up to 200 bar to ascertain heat production rates, gas production rates, foaming propensity and pressure relief tests for the design of safety valves.
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