{"id":10087,"date":"2021-03-02T11:10:42","date_gmt":"2021-03-02T10:10:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/consilab.de\/prestations\/classification-des-substances\/penetrometertest\/"},"modified":"2022-07-11T17:06:03","modified_gmt":"2022-07-11T15:06:03","slug":"epreuve-du-penetrometre","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/consilab.de\/fr\/prestations\/classification-des-substances\/epreuve-du-penetrometre\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9preuve du p\u00e9n\u00e9trom\u00e8tre"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row rt_row_background_width=\u00a0\u00bbfullwidth\u00a0\u00bb rt_row_content_width=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb rt_row_style=\u00a0\u00bbdefault-style\u00a0\u00bb rt_row_borders=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb rt_row_shadows=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb rt_row_paddings=\u00a0\u00bbfalse\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_effect=\u00a0\u00bbclassic\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_image_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbrepeat\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_size=\u00a0\u00bbcover\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_position=\u00a0\u00bbright top\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_attachment=\u00a0\u00bbscroll\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_video_format=\u00a0\u00bbself-hosted\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3″ rt_column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_image_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbrepeat\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_size=\u00a0\u00bbauto auto\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_attachment=\u00a0\u00bbscroll\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbdownload\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_color=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_overlay_color=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1532422018913{padding-bottom: 0px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb rt_padding_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb0″][vc_widget_sidebar sidebar_id=\u00a0\u00bbrt-theme-20-common-sidebar\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3″ rt_column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_image_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbrepeat\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_size=\u00a0\u00bbauto auto\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_attachment=\u00a0\u00bbscroll\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbmaincontent\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_color=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_overlay_color=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1532422014773{padding-bottom: 2em !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbredborderleft\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Solide, liquide, solution, dispersion, suspension, p\u00e2te, gel ? De quoi est-il donc question ?<\/h1>\n

Dans le cas d\u2019un m\u00e9lange, d\u2019une formulation ou autre, il peut manifestement s\u2019av\u00e9rer difficile de d\u00e9terminer clairement si nous nous trouvons en pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un liquide ou tout simplement d\u2019un solide. Le manuel ONU prescrit alors d\u2019avoir recours \u00e0 une \u00e9preuve, dite \u00e9preuve du p\u00e9n\u00e9trom\u00e8tre. Cette \u00e9preuve permet de statuer de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9finitive si le produit test\u00e9 est une substance solide ou une substance liquide. Car aux termes du r\u00e8glement, il ne peut s\u2019agir que de l\u2019un ou de l\u2019autre de ces \u00e9tats, et en aucun cas d\u2019une forme interm\u00e9diaire.<\/p>\n

Un p\u00e9n\u00e9trom\u00e8tre conforme \u00e0 la norme ISO 2137 se compose d\u2019un r\u00e9cipient de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration destin\u00e9 \u00e0 recevoir l\u2019\u00e9chantillon, d\u2019un disque perfor\u00e9 en duralumin \u00e0 trous coniques, ainsi que d\u2019une tige de guidage mont\u00e9e sur le disque perfor\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pour r\u00e9aliser l\u2019\u00e9preuve du p\u00e9n\u00e9trom\u00e8tre, on introduit la substance \u00e0 tester dans le r\u00e9cipient de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration, puis on ferme ce r\u00e9cipient de mani\u00e8re herm\u00e9tique. On laisse ensuite reposer la substance \u00e0 tester pendant au moins une demi-heure avant de r\u00e9aliser la mesure. On chauffe alors l\u2019\u00e9chantillon dans le r\u00e9cipient de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration \u00e0 une temp\u00e9rature de 35\u00b0C \u00b1 0,5\u00a0C. Juste avant l\u2019\u00e9preuve (au maximum 2 minutes avant celle-ci), on place le r\u00e9cipient sur le plateau du p\u00e9n\u00e9trom\u00e8tre. On pose alors la pointe du disque perfor\u00e9 sur la surface de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon et on mesure le taux de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration \u00e0 la temp\u00e9rature pr\u00e9cit\u00e9e en fonction de la dur\u00e9e de mise en charge.<\/p>\n

Une mati\u00e8re est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme solide, lorsqu\u2019apr\u00e8s avoir pos\u00e9 la pointe du disque perfor\u00e9 sur la surface de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon \u00e0 tester, la p\u00e9n\u00e9tration indiqu\u00e9e sur le cadran de la jauge de mesure est<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 15 mm \u00b1 0,3 mm apr\u00e8s une dur\u00e9e de mise en charge de 5 s \u00b1 0,1 s, ou<\/li>\n
  2. sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 15 mm \u00b1 0,3 mm pr\u00e8s une dur\u00e9e de mise en charge de 5 s \u00b1 0,1 s, mais qu\u2019apr\u00e8s une p\u00e9n\u00e9tration suppl\u00e9mentaire d\u2019une dur\u00e9e de mise en charge de 55 s \u00b1 0,5 s, elle est inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 5,0 mm \u00b1 0,5 mm.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Dans le cas d\u2019\u00e9chantillons ayant un point d\u2018\u00e9coulement, il est souvent impossible d\u2019obtenir dans le r\u00e9cipient de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration une surface \u00e0 niveau constant et, par cons\u00e9quent, d’\u00e9tablir clairement les conditions initiales de mesure pour la mise en contact de la pointe. En outre, avec certains \u00e9chantillons, l’impact du disque perfor\u00e9 peut provoquer une d\u00e9formation \u00e9lastique de la surface et ainsi, dans les premi\u00e8res secondes, simuler une p\u00e9n\u00e9tration plus profonde. Dans tous ces cas, il peut s\u2019av\u00e9rer pertinent de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une nouvelle \u00e9valuation des r\u00e9sultats conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’alin\u00e9a b) mentionn\u00e9 ci-dessus.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

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    [vc_row rt_row_background_width=\u00a0\u00bbfullwidth\u00a0\u00bb rt_row_content_width=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb rt_row_style=\u00a0\u00bbdefault-style\u00a0\u00bb rt_row_borders=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb rt_row_shadows=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb rt_row_paddings=\u00a0\u00bbfalse\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_effect=\u00a0\u00bbclassic\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_image_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbrepeat\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_size=\u00a0\u00bbcover\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_position=\u00a0\u00bbright top\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_attachment=\u00a0\u00bbscroll\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_video_format=\u00a0\u00bbself-hosted\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3″ rt_column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_image_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbrepeat\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_size=\u00a0\u00bbauto auto\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_attachment=\u00a0\u00bbscroll\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbdownload\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_color=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_overlay_color=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb offset=\u00a0\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1532422018913{padding-bottom: 0px !important;}\u00a0\u00bb rt_padding_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb0″][vc_widget_sidebar sidebar_id=\u00a0\u00bbrt-theme-20-common-sidebar\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3″ rt_column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_image_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbrepeat\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_size=\u00a0\u00bbauto auto\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_attachment=\u00a0\u00bbscroll\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbmaincontent\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_color=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb rt_bg_overlay_color=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb css=\u00a0\u00bb.vc_custom_1532422014773{padding-bottom: 2em !important;}\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbredborderleft\u00a0\u00bb] Solide, liquide, solution, dispersion, suspension, p\u00e2te, gel ? De quoi est-il donc …
    more | mehr<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":9325,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10087","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/consilab.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10087","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/consilab.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/consilab.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consilab.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consilab.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10087"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/consilab.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10087\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12145,"href":"https:\/\/consilab.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10087\/revisions\/12145"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/consilab.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9325"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/consilab.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10087"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}